//********************************************************************
//  BusRide.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of an if statement.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BusRide
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reads the number of passengers and prints comments accordingly.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int CAPACITY = 56;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter the number of people that want to get on: ");
      int passengers = scan.nextInt();

      if (passengers > CAPACITY)
         System.out.println ("We need " + (passengers - CAPACITY) + 
					" volunteers for economy class: To the roof.");

      System.out.println ("Have a nice ride!");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Wages.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of an if-else statement.
//********************************************************************

import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Wages
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reads the number of hours worked and calculates wages.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final double RATE = 8.25;  // regular pay rate
      final int STANDARD = 40;   // standard hours in a work week

      double pay = 0.0;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter the number of hours worked: ");
      int hours = scan.nextInt();

      System.out.println ();

      // Pay overtime at "time and a half"
      if (hours > STANDARD)
         pay = STANDARD * RATE + (hours-STANDARD) * (RATE * 1.5);
      else
         pay = hours * RATE;

      NumberFormat fmt = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
      System.out.println ("Gross earnings: " + fmt.format(pay));
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Guessing.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a block statement in an if-else.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Guessing
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Plays a simple guessing game with the user.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int MAX = 10;
      int answer, guess;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      answer = (int) (Math.random() * MAX) + 1;

      System.out.print ("I'm thinking about a number between 1 and "
                        + MAX + ". Guess what it is: ");
      guess = scan.nextInt();

      if (guess == answer)
         System.out.println ("Wow! You are the MOST amazing person I know!");
      else
      {
         System.out.println ("Sorry, you owe me a thousand bucks.");
         System.out.println ("The number was " + answer);
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  MinOfThree.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of nested if statements.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MinOfThree
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reads three integers from the user and determines the smallest
   //  value.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      int num1, num2, num3, min = 0;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.println ("Enter three integers: ");
      num1 = scan.nextInt();
      num2 = scan.nextInt();
      num3 = scan.nextInt();

      if (num1 < num2)
         if (num1 < num3)
            min = num1;
         else
            min = num3;
      else
         if (num2 < num3)
            min = num2;
         else
            min = num3;

      System.out.println ("Minimum value: " + min);
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  AgeInLife.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a switch statement.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AgeInLife
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reads an age from the user and prints comments accordingly.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      int age, category;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter an age : ");
      age = scan.nextInt();

      category = age / 10;

      switch (category)
      {
         case 0:
            System.out.println ("NO! I want THAT one!");
            break;
         case 1:
            System.out.println ("School is cool");
            System.out.println ("School is cool");
            System.out.println ("School is cool");
            System.out.println ("School is ...");
            break;
         case 2:
            System.out.println ("I'll take on the world!");
            break;
         case 3:
            System.out.println ("The world is a big place you know...");
            break;
         case 4:
            System.out.println ("That new ferrari looks very appealing.");
            break;
         case 5:
            System.out.println ("Live your life and forget your age.");
            break;
         case 6:
            System.out.println ("What was that?");
            break;
         default:
            System.out.println ("Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative.");
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Drinks.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a switch statement.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Drinks
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints out a menu for the user to choose from, and prints 
   //  comments accordingly
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
   	
   	  Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
   	
      System.out.println ("Here is the drinks menu : ");
      System.out.println ("1.\tOrange juice");
      System.out.println ("2.\tMilk");
      System.out.println ("3.\tWater");
      System.out.println ("4.\tWine");
      System.out.println ("5.\tBeer");
      System.out.print ("What will it be ? ");
      int choice = scan.nextInt();

      switch (choice)
      {
         case 1:
            System.out.println ("Vitamin C!");
         case 2:
            System.out.println ("Your bones will thank you.");
            break;
         case 3:
            System.out.println ("The classics never die.");
            break;
         case 4:
            System.out.print ("Red or white ? ");
            String type = scan.next();
            boolean isRed = (type.toLowerCase()).equals("red");
            if (isRed)
            	System.out.println ("Good for your heart.");
            else
            	System.out.println ("Good for your lungs.");
            break;
         case 5:
            System.out.println ("Watch that belly!");
            break;
         default:
            System.out.println ("That's not going to quench your thirst...");
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Wages2.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of the ternary and logical operators.
//********************************************************************

import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Wages2
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reads the number of hours worked and calculates wages.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final double RATE = 8.25;  // regular pay rate
      final int STANDARD = 40;   // standard hours in a work week
      boolean isProf;            // is the worker a professor or not?

      double pay = 0.0;
      
      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter the number of hours worked: ");
      int hours = scan.nextInt();

      System.out.print ("Are you a professor (Y/N)? ");
      String answer = scan.next();
      
      if ( answer.equalsIgnoreCase("Y") )
      {
      	isProf = true;
        System.out.println("Sorry...Overtime does not apply to YOUR kind.");
      }
      else
      	isProf = false;

      // Pay overtime at "time and a half" only if worker is not a professor
      pay = (hours > STANDARD && !isProf) ? 
      		STANDARD*RATE+(hours-STANDARD)*(RATE*1.5) : hours*RATE;

      NumberFormat fmt = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
      System.out.println ("Gross weekly earnings: " + fmt.format(pay));
   }
}

//********************************************************************
//  Counter.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus       
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a while loop.
//********************************************************************

public class Counter
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints integer values from 1 to a specific limit.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int LIMIT = 5;
      int count = 1;
      
      while (count <= LIMIT)
      {
         System.out.println (count);
         count = count + 1;
      }

      System.out.println ("Done.");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  BusSpeed.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a while loop, a sentinel value, and a
//  running sum.
//********************************************************************

import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BusSpeed
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Computes the average speed of a bus on a trip.
   //  The sum is printed as the numbers are entered.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      int sum = 0, value, count = 0;
      double average;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
	  
      System.out.print ("Enter the number of kilometers covered " +
			"in hour 1 (-1 to quit): ");
      value = scan.nextInt();

      while (value >= 0)  // sentinel value to terminate loop
      {
         count++;

         sum += value;
         System.out.println ("The total distance so far is " + sum + " km.");

         System.out.print ("In hour " + (count+1) + " (-1 to quit): ");
         value = scan.nextInt();
      }

      System.out.println ();
      System.out.println ("The trip lasted " + count + " hours.");

      average = (double)sum / count;

      DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat ("0.###");
      System.out.println ("The average speed was " + fmt.format(average) + " km/h.");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  BusPercentage.java
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a while loop for input validation.
//********************************************************************

import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BusPercentage
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Computes the percentage of seats filled in a bus.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int NUM_SEATS = 56;
      int passengers;
      double ratio;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter the number of passengers (0 to "
                        + NUM_SEATS + "): ");
      passengers = scan.nextInt();

      while (passengers < 0 || passengers > NUM_SEATS)
      {
         if (passengers > NUM_SEATS)
            System.out.print ("We're not in Mexico...Please reenter: ");
         else
            System.out.print ("You're a liar...Please reenter: ");
         passengers = scan.nextInt();
      }

      ratio = (double)passengers / NUM_SEATS;

      NumberFormat fmt = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance();

      System.out.println ();
      System.out.println ("The bus is " + fmt.format(ratio) + " full.");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Abyss.java
//
//  Demonstrates an INFINITE LOOP.  WARNING!!
//********************************************************************

public class Abyss
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints ever decreasing integers in an INFINITE LOOP!
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      int count = 1;

      System.out.println ("I'm going in...");

      while (count <= Integer.MAX_VALUE)
      {
         System.out.println (count);
         count = count - 1;
      }

      System.out.println ("Found the bottom of the abyss!"); //never reached
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  PalindromeTester.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of nested while loops.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeTester
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Tests strings to see if they are palindromes.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      String str, another = "y";
      int left, right;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);

      while (another.equalsIgnoreCase("y")) // allows y or Y
      {
         System.out.println ("Enter a potential palindrome:");
         str = scan.nextLine();

         left = 0;
         right = str.length() - 1;

         while (str.charAt(left) == str.charAt(right) && left < right)
         {
            left++;
            right--;
         }

         System.out.println();

         if (left < right)
            System.out.println ("That string is NOT a palindrome.");
         else
            System.out.println ("That string IS a palindrome.");

         System.out.println();
         System.out.print ("Test another palindrome (y/n)? ");
         another = scan.nextLine();
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Counter2.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a do loop.
//********************************************************************

public class Counter2
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints integer values from 1 to a specific limit.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int LIMIT = 5;
      int count = 0;

      do
      {
         count = count + 1;
         System.out.println (count);
      }
      while (count < LIMIT);

      System.out.println ("Done.");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  ReverseNumber.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a do loop.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseNumber
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Reverses the digits of an integer mathematically.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      int number, lastDigit, reverse = 0;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter a positive integer: ");
      number = scan.nextInt();

      do
      {
         lastDigit = number % 10;
         reverse = (reverse * 10) + lastDigit;
         number = number / 10;
      }
      while (number > 0);

      System.out.println ("That number reversed is " + reverse);
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Counter3.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a for loop.
//********************************************************************

public class Counter3
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints integer values from 1 to a specific limit.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int LIMIT = 5;

      for (int count=1; count <= LIMIT; count++)
         System.out.println (count);

      System.out.println ("Done");
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Multiples.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of a for loop.
//********************************************************************

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Multiples
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints multiples of a user-specified number up to a user-
   //  specified limit.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int PER_LINE = 5;
      int value, limit, mult, count = 0;

      Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print ("Enter a positive value: ");
      value = scan.nextInt();

      System.out.print ("Enter an upper limit: ");
      limit = scan.nextInt();

      System.out.println ();
      System.out.println ("The multiples of " + value + " between " +
                       value + " and " + limit + " (inclusive) are:");

      for (mult = value; mult <= limit; mult += value)
      {
         System.out.print (mult + "\t");

         // Print a specific number of values per line of output
         count++;
         if (count % PER_LINE == 0)
            System.out.println();
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Stars.java       Author: Lewis and Loftus
//
//  Demonstrates the use of nested for loops.
//********************************************************************

public class Stars
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints a triangle shape using asterisk (star) characters.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int MAX_ROWS = 10;

      for (int row = 1; row <= MAX_ROWS; row++)
      {
         for (int star = 1; star <= row; star++)
            System.out.print ("*");

         System.out.println();
      }
   }
}


//********************************************************************
//  Christmas.java    
//
//  Demonstrates the use of nested for loops.
//********************************************************************

public class Christmas
{
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   //  Prints a Christmas tree shape using asterisk (star) characters.
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------
   public static void main (String[] args)
   {
      final int MAX_ROWS = 10;

      for (int row = 1; row <= MAX_ROWS; row++)
      {
         for (int space = 1; space <= MAX_ROWS-row; space++)
            System.out.print (" ");      	
         for (int star = 1; star <= row*2; star++)
            System.out.print ("*");
         System.out.println ();
      }
      for (int trunc=3; trunc>0; trunc--)
      {
         for (int space = 1; space <= MAX_ROWS-1; space++)
            System.out.print (" ");
         System.out.println("**");
      }
      System.out.println("Merry late Christmas!");
   }
}