1)
3 int
3.0 double
12 String
0 int
0 double

2)
for (int i = 102; i >= 0; i = i - 3) {
    System.out.println(i);
}

for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
	if (isPrime(i)) {
	   System.out.println(i);
	}
}

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    for (int j = i; j < 5; j++) {
    	System.out.print("*");
    }

    System.out.println();
}

3)
-No because foo requires as input an int but b is a double
-Yes double -1
-Yes double 1
-No because wrong input to method chocolate
-Yes int 1

4)
5 4 -Note that in the method printVariables(), a gets assigned the value of the first expression passed as input (which is the expression "b" which has value of 5). In the method printVariables() b gets assigned the value of the second expression passed as input (a) which has the value of 4. So it prints 5 4
4 5 - Here too, follow the rules of method calls. In swapVariables(), a is assigned the value of the first expression (4) and b is assigned the value of the 2nd expression (5). Remember that these are new variables since any variable in one method shares no relationship to a variable in another method other than perhaps having the same value.
01234024
100, 200, 5000 (trick is that x and y both store the same address after int[] y = x; So changing y[2] also changes x[2]. However, once y = new int[10]; is executed, y[0] no longer changes x[0])

5)
public class WebpageLog {
       private String url;
       private int visitors;

       public WebpageLog(String page) {
       	    this.url = page;
	    this.visitors = 0; //not required since 0 is initialized for int anyway
       }

       public String getUrl() {
       	      return this.url;
       }

       public int getVisitorCount() {
       	      return this.visitors;
       }

       public void increaseVisitorCount() {
       	      this.visitors++;
       }
}

6) public static compareCounts(WebpageLog log1, WebpageLog log2) {
   int count1 = log1.getVisitorCount();
   int count2 = log2.getVisitorCount();

   if (count1 < count2) {
      return -1;
   }
   else if (count1 > count2) {
   	return 1;
   }
   else {
   	return 0;
   }
}

7)
public static int maxValue(int[] array) {
       int max = array[0];
       for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
       	   if (array[i] > max) {
	      max = array[i];
	   }
       }

       return max;
}

8)
public static int[] countValues(int[] values, int maximum) {
       int[] counts = new int[maximum];
       for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
       	   counts[values[i]]++;
       }

       return counts;
}

9)
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ModeProgram {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
       	      Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in);
	      System.out.println("How many integer values would you like to enter?");
	      int size = reader.nextInt();
	      int[] values = new int[size];

	      int entered = 0;
	      while (entered < size) {
	      	    System.out.println("Please enter a number >= 0");
		    int next = reader.nextInt();
		    if (next > 0) {
		       values[entered] = next;
		       entered++;
		    }
	            else {
		    	 System.out.println("Try again to enter a positive number");
		    }
	      }

	      int theMaximum = ArrayUtilities.maxValue(values);
	      int[] counts = ArrayUtilities.countValues(values, theMaximum + 1);
	      int timesMaxOccurred = ArrayUtilities.maxValue(counts);
	      //now check for what index the element occurred timesMaxOccurred
	      for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
	      	  if (counts[i] == timesMaxOccured) {
		     System.out.println("The number " + i + " occurred the most.");
		  }
	      }
       }
}